彩色多普勒超声引导下亚甲蓝边界定位法在乳腺癌保乳手术中的应用价值

目的探讨术前彩色多普勒超声引导下应用亚甲蓝定位肿瘤边界在乳腺癌保乳手术中的效果。方法收集2015年5月至2017年12月拟行保乳手术的乳腺癌患者120例,随机分为观察组和对照组各60例。观察组术前在彩色多普勒超声引导下行亚甲蓝定位,对照组采用传统手术方法。所有标本切除后进行病理检查,统计两组切缘情况。从精准性及微创性两方面比较两种方法的手术效果。结果观察组中,3例(5.0%)最大切缘>2 cm,57例(95.0%)最大切缘≤2 cm;对照组中,31例(51.7%)最大切缘>2 cm,29例(48.3%)最大切缘≤2 cm。两组比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。观察组6例(10.0%)患者的手术标本镜下切缘阳性,54例(90.0%)切缘阴性;对照组15例(25.0%)镜下切缘阳性,45例(75.0%)切缘阴性。两组比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.031)。观察组和对照组分别有2例和3例在行二次扩切后切缘仍为阳性,改行乳腺全切手术。结论采用术前彩色多普勒超声引导下亚甲蓝定位肿瘤边界指导乳腺癌保乳手术的方法较常规方法在手术精准性及微创性两方面均有优势。     

胃癌微创外科临床研究进展及展望（2000-2020）

目前临床研究已证实腹腔镜胃癌根治术治疗早期胃癌的安全性、可行性和有效性。基于此，第4版日本《胃癌治疗指南》推荐腹腔镜手术治疗临床Ⅰ期远端胃癌。然而，腹腔镜胃癌手术治疗进展期胃癌的有效性和安全性仍存争议。中国腹腔镜胃肠外科研究组（CLASS研究组）发起的CLASS-01研究顺利完成，提供了全球首个局部进展期胃癌腹腔镜手术安全性和疗效的前瞻性多中心证据。胃癌外科的主流方向在从“大切口和扩大化手术切除”逐渐向“微创、精准化手术”转变，以使手术安全性和病人术后生活质量最优化。     

Pulmonary Carcinosarcoma: A Surveillance,Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Analysis

IntroductionPulmonary carcinosarcoma (PC) is a rare malignant neoplasm composed of epithelial and mesenchymal components. It accounts for < 1% of thoracic cancers and is not fully understood. This study examined Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data to describe demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with PC and assessed survival outcomes by treatment modality and stage.Patients and MethodsSEER data were reviewed to identify patients diagnosed with primary PC (1973-2012). Overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) were analyzed by univariate/multivariable Cox proportional hazards models and Kaplan-Meier methods.ResultsA total of 411 patients were included. Median age was 67 (range, 24-96) years. Disease stage at the time of initial diagnosis was known for 74.7% of the identified patients (307/411). Of these patients, 23.1% had localized disease. Survival was significantly better for patients with localized disease (OS: 31 vs. 6 months, P < .001; DSS: 54 vs. 8 months, P < .001). Additionally, patients who received surgery alone had significantly improved OS (20 months; P < .001) and DSS (32 months; P < .001) compared to patients who received combined surgery and radiotherapy (OS: 7 months; DSS: 8 months) or radiotherapy alone (OS: 4 months; DSS: 4 months).ConclusionTreatment with surgery alone resulted in superior survival outcomes compared to other treatment modality combinations, regardless of patient age and disease stage. Within the limitations of this study, providers may wish to consider these findings when devising patient treatment plans.     

神经内镜与显微镜下经鼻蝶入路手术切除无功能性垂体腺瘤疗效和安全性的Meta分析

目的 系统评价神经内镜与显微镜下经鼻蝶入路手术切除无功能性垂体腺瘤的疗效和安全性。方法 计算机检索PubMed 、Embase、Cochrane Center、中国生物医学文献数据库、维普中文科技期刊全文数据库、万方数据库、中国知网等中英文数据库有关神经内镜、显微镜下经鼻蝶入路无功能性垂体腺瘤切除术的文献，时限为2018年7月之前。指标包括肿瘤切除率、脑脊液渗漏发生率和视力恢复率。结果 共纳入19篇文献，2 383例。Meta分析结果:神经内镜手术全切除率比显微镜手术要高（75% vs 62%，P<0.001），神经内镜组视力恢复率也高于显微镜组（82% vs 59%，P<0.001）。两组脑脊液漏发生率无统计学差异（4%vs 6%，P=0.078）。结论 与显微镜下手术相比，神经内镜手术切除无功能性垂体腺瘤的疗效更好。     

National criteria for academic appointment in vascular surgery

ObjectiveAdvancement in academic medicine is multifactorial. Our objectives were to characterize academic appointments in vascular surgery and to investigate what factors, particularly publications, influenced academic appointment.MethodsAcademic vascular surgeons at Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education vascular training programs or at primary sites of U.S. allopathic medical schools were included. Those with qualified titles, such as “adjunct” or a “clinical” prefix, were excluded. Sex, education, region, board certification, and affiliation details were recorded. Web of Science was queried for publication details and h-index. The h-index is a “personal impact factor” defined as “x” number of publications cited at least “x” number of times. After surgeons' information was deidentified, univariate and multivariable analyses were completed for academic appointment and appointment as division chief.ResultsThere were 642 vascular surgeons who met criteria: 297 (46.3%) assistant professors, 150 (23.4%) associate professors, and 195 (30.4%) professors. There were 96 (15%) division chiefs and 10 (1.6%) chairs of surgery, and 83.2% were male. Surgeons worked in the Northeast (33.5%), Southern (32.6%), Central (20.1%), and Western (13.9%) United States. The mean (±standard deviation) number of publications was 13.7 ± 15.4 for assistant professors, 33.9 ± 28.8 for associate professors, and 86.8 ± 63.6 for professors (P < .001). Mean number of first or last author publications was 5.3 ± 6.4 for assistant professors, 12.2 ± 12.7 for associate professors, and 38.7 ± 35.3 for professors (P < .001). Mean h-index was 5.9 ± 5.4 for assistant professors, 12 ± 7.7 for associate professors, and 24.9 ± 12.6 for professors (P < .001). In multivariable analysis, vascular surgery board certification (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 6.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15-32.2; P = .03), academic appointment at a public medical school (OR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.18-3.37; P = .01), years since medical school graduation (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.09-1.18; P < .001, per year), and number of publications (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.03-1.06; P < .001, per publication) were independently associated with associate professor. Factors independently associated with professor were years since medical school graduation (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.12-1.24; P < .001, per year) and number of first or last author publications (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02-1.09; P = .003, per publication). Appointment as division chief was independently associated with h-index (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01-1.08; P = .016, per point).ConclusionsTotal number of publications was independently associated with associate professor, with number of first or last author publications particularly important for professor. The h-index was not independently associated with academic appointment, but it was for appointment as division chief. This study provides relevant data for promotional guidance in academic vascular surgery.     

Regla «1-2-3» para la reconstrucción de defectos de mediano tamaño del cuero cabelludo

Background and objectiveExcision of cutaneous scalp tumors results in surgical defects that are difficult to repair because of poor distensibility in this area of the body. The main aim of this study was to develop a structured algorithm to help choose the best technique for reconstructing scalp defects.Material and methodsRetrospective study of patients who required surgical reconstruction following excision of a cutaneous scalp tumor. We excluded patients with defects that could be closed by simple direct suture and defects for which it was initially decided to use a skin graft or healing by secondary intention. The defects were classified into 5 groups according to the minimum distance between edges. The different reconstruction techniques used were evaluated in each group. The outcomes analyzed were complete defect closure, intraoperative and postoperative complications, and final aesthetic result.ResultsWe included 119 patients (102 men and 17 women) with a mean age of 71 years (range, 32–93 years). Mean follow-up was 42 months (range, 6–120 months). Sixty-eight patients had a moderate-sized defect with a distance between edges of 1 to 4 cm. Reconstructions started with relaxation incisions in 43 defects and resulted in the successful closure of 22 of them. Defects with a distance of 1 to 2 cm required a single relaxation incision. Two incisions were required for defects with a distance of 2 to 3 cm, while 3 incisions were required for those with a distance of 3 to 4 cm. In the 21 cases in which relaxation incisions were insufficient to close the defect, the incisions were extended to mobilize the flap to achieve closure. Relaxation incisions alone were insufficient for closing defects with a distance greater than 4 cm.ConclusionsThe 1-2-3 rule can help in choosing the best reconstruction technique for moderate-sized defects based on the principle that 1, 2, or 3 initial relaxation incisions are needed depending on the minimum distance between edges (1-2 cm, 2-3 cm, or 3-4 cm). In all cases, incision extension to mobilize the corresponding flaps remains an option.     

Vitiligo surgery: A journey from tissues via cells to the stems!

Depigmented patches in vitiligo, a common dermatosis, cause a great psychological distress to the patients. Hence, apart from halting the disease process, the strategies to impart normal skin colour to these white patches carry an important role in the management of vitiligo. Surgical procedures are often required for stable vitiligo lesions not responding to medical therapies. It involves “shuffling” of melanocytes from the pigmented skin to the depigmented areas. During the last fifty years, the vitiligo surgery has evolved from tissue transplantation via cellular transplantation to reach a stage where the use of stem cells or immunomodulatory cells is contemplating. We would like to depict this wonderful journey of vitiligo surgery through this viewpoint.